Class XI Chemistry

Foundational concepts covering SI units, dimensional analysis, laws of chemical combination, atomic mass, mole concept, stoichiometric calculations, and solution concentration units.

Comprehensive study of atomic models, Bohr's theory, quantum mechanics, orbital shapes, quantum numbers, and principles governing electronic configurations.

Study of the periodic table organization, s, p, d, and f block divisions, and trends in atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity.

Theories of chemical bonding explaining molecular geometry, orbital hybridization, resonance, molecular orbital energy diagrams, and secondary forces.

Quantitative study of energy transformations in chemical and physical processes, thermochemistry, Hess's law, entropy, and free energy criteria for spontaneity.

Comprehensive study of physical and chemical dynamic equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic dissociation, pH calculations, buffer systems, and sparingly soluble salts.

Systematic principles of electron transfer reactions, oxidation number assignment, balancing redox equations, and foundational electrochemistry.

Foundational organic principles including structural representation, IUPAC nomenclature, reaction intermediates, electronic effects, isomerism, and qualitative/quantitative analysis.

Detailed study of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons: Synthesis, mechanisms, conformational analysis, addition reactions, and aromatic electrophilic substitution.

Comparative chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals: Physical trends, flame coloration, reactions in liquid ammonia, diagonal relationships, and industrial compounds.

Chemistry of Group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) and Group 14 (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb): Oxidation states, inert pair effect, electron-deficient boranes, carbon allotropes, and silicate polymers.

Chemical study of pollution in air, water, and soil, mechanism of acid rain, photochemical smog, stratospheric ozone depletion, and the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.